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baked milk
Baked milk ((ロシア語:топлёное молоко), , (ベラルーシ語:адтопленае малако)) is a variety of boiled milk that has been particularly popular in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.〔http://fermaspb.ru/baked%20milk〕〔(Линейка "Рузского Молока" расширяется - Топленое Молоко )〕〔(Молоко топленое 4% | Избёнка )〕 It is made by simmering milk on low heat for eight hours or longer.
In rural areas baked milk has been produced by leaving a jug of boiled milk in an oven for a day or for a night until it is coated with a brown crust. Prolonged exposure to heat causes reactions between the milk's amino acids and sugars, resulting in the formation of melanoidin compounds that give it a creamy color and caramel flavor. A great deal of moisture evaporates, resulting in a change of consistency. The stove in a traditional Russian loghouse (izba) sustains "varying cooking temperatures based on the placement of the food inside the oven".〔Quoted from: Glenn Randall Mack, Asele Surina. ''Food Culture In Russia And Central Asia''. Greenwood Press, 2005. ISBN 0-313-32773-4. Page 22.〕
Today, baked milk is produced on an industrial scale, as are soured or fermented baked milk products, known as ryazhenka and varenets. Like scalded milk, it is free of bacteria and enzymes and can be stored safely at room temperature for up to forty hours. Home-made baked milk is used for preparing a range of cakes, pies, and cookies.
Caramelized sweetened condensed milk is a similar preparation used in home-made pastries, often prepared by prolonged heating of unopened cans of condensed milk.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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